student programmed a computer to figure out a route by which someone could ride the entire New York City subway system on a single token, and then a bunch of his fellow students went out and actuallyĭid it.
There was the Great Subway Hack, in which an M.I.T. They lived in the world of hackers, a mere extension of the incredible computer environment.
None of the computer specialists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology cheered Intelligence named Herbert Dreyfus, who had bluntly asserted that no computer program would ever be able to beat even a 10-year- old. There was the great chess showdown of 1965, when MacHack won a chess game against a critic of artificial
HACKERS: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. This book is not just for geeks - it's for everyone interested in origins of the computer revolution.December 24, 1984, Monday, Late City Final Edition From students finagling access to clunky computer-card machines to engineers uncovering the secrets of what would become the Internet, Hackers captures a seminal period in history when underground activities blazed a trail for today's digital world. "Hacker" is often a derogatory term today, but 40 years ago, it referred to people who found clever and unorthodox solutions to computer engineering problems - a practice that became known as "the hacker ethic." In this book, Levy takes you from the true hackers of MIT's Tech Model Railroad Club to the DIY culture that spawned the first personal computers - the Altair and the Apple II - and finally to the gaming culture of the early '80s. It's a fascinating story of brilliant and eccentric nerds such as Steve Wozniak, Ken Williams, and John Draper who took risks, bent the rules, and took the world in a radical new direction. Hackers traces the exploits of innovators from the research labs in the late 1950s to the rise of the home computer in the mid-1980s. Steven Levy's classic book about the original hackers of the computer revolution is now available in a special 25th anniversary edition, with updated material from noteworthy hackers such as Bill Gates, Mark Zukerberg, Richard Stallman, and Tim O'Reilly.
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